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Investigating the role of human-vectored seed dispersal

Seed dispersal on clothing (epianthropochory) represents a specific form of epizoochory, in which seeds are transported on the outer surfaces of animals. Seeds that adhere to clothing may be transported to new habitats, where they can gain the opportunity to germinate and establish. This mechanism is of particular concern in the context of invasive species spread, as it can facilitate long-distance dispersal events and enable the colonization of geographically distant regions. Consequently, ecosystems characterized by unique biodiversity – including those that serve as popular tourist destinations – may be especially vulnerable. Moreover, such pathways may expose even remote areas, otherwise inaccessible by vehicles, to elevated risks of biological invasion through human movement.

In this study, we examine the potential mechanisms influencing the success of seed dispersal on clothing, employing both field-based and laboratory-based approaches. In addition, our objective is to develop and propose effective preventive measures to support the conservation of protected areas, while also raising public awareness of alternative practices that may mitigate unintentional seed dispersal.